Iron ore, as mined, is a combination of iron with oxygen and various other unwanted substances, generally known as gangue. This shows the advantage of production of pig steel rather than pig iron in the electric furnace when steel is to be the final product. Pig iron and blast furnace informational encyclopedia. Creating steel from lowgrade iron ore requires a long process of mining, crushing. Blastfurnace production the production of pig iron by the reduction smelting of iron ores or pelletized ironore concentrates in blast furnaces. Pig iron is produced in blast furnace by reducing iron ore with carbon monoxide indirect reduction and carbon direct reduction. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3. Southern ohio and northeastern kentucky have the honor of being the sites of the first major expansion of iron manufacturing in the united states due to the discovery of what was a bonanza of iron ore. The following overview provides basic information necessary for a proper understanding of the problem of heat transfer.
Mar 19, 2015 blast furnace gas it is the byproduct of blast furnaces that is generated when the iron ore is reduced with coke to produce molten iron. Blast furnace gas it is the byproduct of blast furnaces that is generated when the iron ore is reduced with coke to produce molten iron. Air heated in the blast furnace stoves, is applied from the bottom of the. Normal pig iron made in the electric furnace was found to be less suited to the production of openhearth steel than normal blast furnace pig iron. Pig iron was known four to six centuries before the common era. Production of pig iron in a blast furnace 5 these properties and is brittle both when cold and after heating. In the 5th century bc the chinese used blast furnace. Slag from iron and steel metallurgy can be divided into blast furnace slag arising from production of pig iron and the steel slag. Blast furnace economics are such that larger units have lower unit production costs, hence there has been a trend to bigger and bigger furnaces. A technology for adding liquid pig iron to a dsp10017 furnace has been developed, tested, and introduced commercially. Shows how iron ore, limestone, and coke are handled and prepared for the blast furnace in the making of iron. A wide variety of foundry pig iron price options are available to you, such as foundry.
Pig iron is a semifinished metal produced from iron ore in a blast furnace, it contain 92% iron, high measures of carbon, can say up to 3. Apr 20, 2014 the pig iron produced by the blast furnace has a relatively high carbon content of around 4 to 5%, making it very brittle, and of limited immediate commercial use. A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with refractory brick where the concentrated iron ore, coke, and limestone are dumped from the top, and a blast of hot air is blown into the bottom. Publication date 19 topics blast furnaces, castiron publisher. Measurement of the pig iron and slag level in the blast furnace is essential to operate the furnace stably because an increase of these liquids level can cause fluctuations of the pressure in the furnace or the temperature of the furnace which are related to the furnace condition and may finally result in reduced productivity or serious trouble. Cast iron staves in the hearth, upper stack and throat five rows of copper staves are installed in the high heat flux zones of the bosh, belly and lower stack a new blast furnace shell means the use of the standard. The principle of blast furnace operational technology and. They can be up to 60 metres 200 ft tall and 15 metres 49 ft in diameter. Metallurgical machinery pig iron blast furnace copper.
A wide variety of pig iron blast furnace options are available to you, there are 22 suppliers who sells pig iron blast furnace on, mainly located in asia. They are then used to help heat the air blast, required if blast furnace is to reach the high temperatures needed to produce molten iron. The pig iron is produced by smelting iron ores in a blast furnace. Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore. Furnaces like blast furnace 5 were used to produce pig iron by smelting iron ore with lots of other aggregates at temperatures of around 2000c. Blast furnace metallurgy britannica encyclopedia britannica. A national historic landmark in birmingham, alabama, the sloss furnaces were operated as a pig iron producing blast furnace site from 1882 all the way until 1971 after the sloss furnaces. Two large blast furnaces that began their operation in 2009 and 2011 respectively. So we can call that the product of blast furnace is pig iron. This book includes a set of equations that accurately describe stoichiometric and enthalpy balances for the process and. High temperature top combustion hot stoves of kalugin design for blast furnaces b. Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry, also known as crude iron, which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.
The blast furnace and the manufacture of pig iron by robert forsythe. Blast furnace is used to reduce the iron ore to iron. The slag is processed and used as roadfill or railroad ballast. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure. As the mixture of iron ore, coke and limestone heats, the hot waste gases are collected and cleansed. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick, where iron ore. The introduction of such a raw material is consistent with the production process of the blast furnace, because even during a traditional process, performed by the introduction of coke and iron ores, the metal direct reduction takes place. Iron oxides can come to the blast furnace plant in the form of raw ore, pellets or. Blast furnace it is a tall cylindrical furnace made of steel.
The process of preparing pig iron was using hot blast cupola hbc furnace which was injected with charcoal powder to improve temperature process and reduction zone in the furnace. A national historic landmark in birmingham, alabama, the sloss furnaces were operated as a pigironproducing blast furnace site from 1882 all the way until 1971 after the sloss furnaces. Blast furnace produces pig iron of composition fe 94%,si2%,mn 0. This book includes a set of equations that accurately describe stoichiometric and enthalpy balances for the process and which are consistent with observed. In this context the term pig iron is something of a misnomer. Blast furnace is the metallurgical furnace used for smelting iron and steel using coal or coke as fuel. Iron and the old stone furnaces of western pennsylvania. Furnace slags arise in the primary furnace aggregate for steel refining.
Blast furnace an introduction blast furnace is the focus of any integrated steel plant. Pig iron produced from the blast furnace is converted into cast iron and then into steel. Modern blast furnaces produce more than 10,000 tonnes per day. Such alloys of iron with a carbon content of about 4. Pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore also ilmenite with a highcarbon fuel and reductant such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux.
Iron ore processing for the blast furnace courtesy of the national steel pellet company the following describes operations at the national steel pellet company, an iron ore mining and processing facility located on the mesabi iron range of minnesota. What is the method of production of pig iron by using a blast. About 50 to 300 ton of molten metal can be tapped at a time in hot metal ladle. Blast furnaces are also called high ovens a blast furnace is usually built with a steel case and bricks made of magnesia inside the case.
To ensure that the production process maintains a high and stable level of quality, these materials have to be metered precisely and supplied to the blast furnace in batches. Feb 12, 2018 pig iron is produced in blast furnace by reducing iron ore with carbon monoxide indirect reduction and carbon direct reduction. In the blast furnaces bf liquid iron popularly termed as hot metal is produced by the process of reduction at high temperature from raw materials like iron ore, base mix, sinter, pellet, coke, fluxes limestone, quartzite, dolomite. Raw materials in blast furnace are iron ore, metallurgical coke and suitable fluxes like dolomite, lime etc. Blast furnace smelting equipment sinter plant lime.
In steel industries iron is produced in blast furnace by reducing iron ore iron oxide with carbon coke at temperature of 12000c to 00c. This shows the advantage of production of pig steel rather than pig iron in the electric furnace when steel is to be. Blast furnace iron making is the main method for modern steel production,the process of blast furnace is an important part. Theory and practice presents the significant role of iron blast furnace by which iron is efficiently and rapidly reduced from ore and it is the basis for all primary steelmaking.
Blast furnaces are used to produce pig iron from iron ore for subsequent. Before it is refined to create steel, it is very hard and brittle. Iron ore and a reductant, such as coke coal baked in lumps, are alternately fed into the top of the blast. Though many improvements are made in the furnace over the years, the basic operation of. The technology reduces the consumption of electric power by 4455 kwhton steel to 406. Blast furnace products and there use size of blast furnace design of blast furnace is evolved through experience. The raw materials used include ore, sinter, coke, lime and various aggregates. The first metallurgical step is to reduce iron ore to metallic iron, a process which is mostly carried out in a blast furnace. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. Publication date 19 topics blast furnaces, castiron publisher new york, williams collection gerstein. Now there are nearly 700 blast furnace available in world. How pig iron is converted into iron and steel in blast.
Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure in a blast furnace, fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air sometimes with. The first metallurgical step is to reduce iron ore to metallic iron, a process which is mostly carried out in a blast furnace, using coke as both a fuel and reducing agent. Development of pig iron and molten slag level measurement. Pig iron blast furnace route international iron metallics association. Blast furnace, a vertical shaft furnace that produces liquid metals by the reaction. The pig iron produced by the blast furnace has a relatively high carbon content of around 4 to 5%, making it very brittle, and of limited immediate commercial use. It is narrow at the top and has an arrangement for the introduction of ore and outlet for gases. The blast furnace and the manufacture of pig iron an elementary treatise for the use of the metallurgical student and the furnaceman this book. It is the molten iron from the blast furnace, which is a large and cylindershaped furnace charged with. This book discusses the importance of blast furnace process as a complete operation. Learn more pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore. After mining, various kinds of iron ores are brought to the blast furnace which is the starting process for refining iron ores or mined ores and for the production of pig iron. The top countries of supplier is china, from which the percentage of pig iron blast furnace supply is 100% respectively. What is the method of production of pig iron by using a.
Blastfurnace production article about blastfurnace. Blast furnace smelting equipment sinter plant lime kiln. Steel wiki pig iron production interstahl stahlhandel. Blast furnace,blast furnace process,blast furnace application. The basic materials used for the manufacture of pig iron are iron ore, coke, and limestone. Pig iron is an integral, but wasteful building block of steel. Calculation of blast furnace size is empirical in nature. Blast furnace 5 industrial heritage circuit landschaftspark.
Blast furnaces are used continuously and are only shut down when their brick lining needs replacing. The iron metal collects at the bottom of blast furnace and is tapped out from time to time. The production of pig iron from crushing plant waste using. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. All the three ingredients are crushed into small round pieces and mixed and put on a hopper which controls the input. This phone number available for 3 min is not the recipients number but a number from a service which will put you through to that person. Publication date 1909 topics science publisher david williams co collection universallibrary contributor indian institute of sciences.
A typical blast furnace along with its various parts is shown in fig. The charge, which consists of iron ore, coke and limestone etc. High temperature top combustion hot stoves of kalugin. The blast furnace and the manufacture of pig iron robert forsythe on. Milestones of our blast furnace operation technologies tamura categorized our history of pig iron making into the following three periods, in an article. Blast furnace extraction of iron from blast furnace class 12 ncert chemistry blast furnace working animation extraction of iron metallurgy of iron. Production of pig iron metered and balanced perfectly high quality achieved through precise metering.
The blastfurnace industry took shape as a result of the development of the blooming processthe. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. The iron produced in the blast furnace is called pig iron, which is tapped out periodically from the bottom of the furnace. Blast furnace production the production of pig iron by the reduction smelting of iron ores or pelletized iron ore concentrates in blast furnaces. Test phase for feeding hydrogen into the blast furnace 9. Introduction blast furnace is the mostly applied facility for the pig. The blast furnace is a countercurrent gassolids reactor in which the descending column of burden materials coke, iron ore and fluxesadditives. Use of liquid pig iron in electricarc furnaces springerlink. Therefore, this section is included as an introduction chapter, we can say as a refresher. Steel slags are divided according to melting aggregate in they arised. Blast furnace, a vertical shaft furnace that produces liquid metals by the reaction of a flow of air introduced under pressure into the bottom of the furnace with a mixture of metallic ore, coke, and flux fed into the top. With design, manufacture and installation of pig iron, ferromanganese smelting blast furnace, sinter plant, hot air stove, cip system, shaft furnace, lime kiln, etc. Aug 11, 2015 the blast furnace and the manufacture of pig iron forsythe, robert on. Blast furnace receiving hot pig iron fesi a hot drama in a blast furnace manufacturing superior foundry pig iron based on hot pig iron a blast furnace is equipped with many measuring instruments such as those illustrated below, which can comprehend its internal conditions.
A blast furnace can continuously run for four to ten years with only short stops for. A production of pig iron has been conducted from crushing plant waste. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions. The iron produced in the blast furnace is called pig iron. Theory and practice presents theoretical, experimental, and operational evidence about the iron blast furnace as well as a mathematical description of its operation. The majority of pig iron produced by blast furnaces undergoes further processing to reduce the carbon content.
1482 603 1253 873 265 253 508 577 1302 197 397 470 878 225 440 1416 602 131 119 1038 960 506 261 980 714 718 678 7 1549 1169 776 1198 1140 1513 74 323 1220 366 910 99 54 834